23rd February 2004

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Species Guide
Hardwood Lumber Grades
Pre-treatment Properties
Structural Applications
Glossary
References & Further Reading
Contact Details

Alden H.A. 1995 Hardwoods of North America

Corkhill T. 1979 A Glossary of Wood

Lincoln W.A. 1986 World Woods in Colour

AHEC 1993 Temperate Hardwoods of the USA

HMSO 1972 Handbook of Hardwoods

USDA 1987 Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material

TRADA 1978 Timbers of the World: No 7 North America

NHLA 1998 Rules for the measurement and inspection of hardwood and cypress.

European standards

EN 335-2 : 1992 Hazard classes of wood and wood-based products against biological attack. Part 2. Guide to the application of hazard classes to solid wood.

EN 350-2 : 1994 Durability of wood and wood-based products – Natural durability of solid wood. Part 2. Guide to natural durability and treatability of selected wood species of importance in Europe.

EN 351-1 : 1995 Durability of wood and wood-based products – Preservative-treated solid wood. Part 1. Classification of preservative penetration and retention.

EN 927-1 : 1996 Paint and varnishes – Coating materials and coating systems for exterior wood. Part 1. Classification and selection.

EN 942 : 1998 Timber in joinery – General classification of timber quality.

EN 338 : 1995 Structural timber – strength classes

EN 408 : Timber structures. Structural timber and glued laminated timber. Determination of some physical and mechanical properties.

BS 5268 : Part 2 : 1996 Code of practice for permissible stress design, materials and workmanship.

BS 5756 : 1997 Specification for visual strength grading of hardwood.

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Alder
Ash
Aspen
Basswood
Beech
Birch
Cherry
Cottonwood
Elm
Gum
Hackberry
Hickory & Pecan
Maple, Hard
Maple, Soft
Oak, Red
Oak, White
Sassafras
Tulipwood
Walnut
Willow